Volcano Lab – Google Earth

Directions: Answer the questions below on this sheet.  Please highlight your answers in some way so they stand out from the original text. This assignment is worth 60 pts so be sure you spend some time on this one!

Volcano shape is strongly controlled by eruptive style, which in turn is controlled by magma composition and tectonic setting. This lab is intended to give you the opportunity to examine volcanoes from around the globe, and to interpret the tectonic settings in which they form. Be sure you have thoroughly read through the chapter on Volcanoes and refer to the discussion on Canvas with any questions.

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Using Google Earth

You can access Google Earth from your web browser as it no longer requires a download of the program.

Link: https://www.google.com/earth/

Once you Launch Google Earth for the first time, you will have the option to go through a short tutorial which I recommend if you have never used it.  It is a pretty straightforward and intuitive program that allows you to navigate to and view pretty much any place on earth.  Spend some time just playing around to familiarize yourself with it.

Volcanoes!

1. Navigate to Chile, in South America (you can go directly there by typing in the coordinates in the search bar at the upper left side of the screen -33.25, -70.35).  Zoom out and center the image so that the capital, Santiago, is in your screen at an eye altitude of ~1000 km (look to the bottom right of the screen where is says Camera:xxxkm). Make sure that north is at the top of the image by clicking on the compass needle on the bottom right of the screen to change the orientation.

2. Tilt the image so that you can look northward along the South American coast. Briefly describe the major tectonic features (landforms) that you see (toggle between 3D and 2D to find the right orientation).

3. Now navigate to Descabeza (you can go directly there by typing in the coordinates in the search bar at the upper left side of the screen -35.58, -70.75). Elevation can be found by running your pointer over the map. Elevation is in the bottom right corner of the map.  Use the Ruler on the left of the screen to measure distance. Use your best estimation to determine the overall size of the volcano, namely how wide the volcano appears to be.

Describe the size and shape of the volcano by filling in the spaces, below:

1. Sketch and describe the overall shape of Descabeza. (You should be able to use a draw feature on Word or other programs; otherwise, do this by hand on a separate page and upload a picture of your images)

1. Describe the likely composition (mafic, intermediate, felsic) of this volcano, based on your observations. Explain your answer.

1. Zoom out and examine the region. Describe the likely tectonic setting of the volcanoes of the Andes mountains.

1. What type of volcano is this?

1. Sketch and describe the overall shape of Mt. St. Helens.

1. Describe the likely composition of this volcano, based on your observations. Explain your answer.

1. Look for any evidence of volcanic hazards or past eruptions. What evidence do you see? What hazards have occurred at this volcano?

1. Zoom out and examine the region. Are there any other volcanoes nearby? Describe the likely tectonic setting of the volcanoes of the Cascade Range. Support your answer with observations on the major tectonic landforms of the region.

1. What type of volcano is it?

5. Navigate to Mauna Loa on the BIG island of Hawaii (central Pacific Ocean) (19.4715, -155.59039). (10 pts)

1. Sketch and describe the overall shape of Mauna Loa.

1. Describe the likely composition of this volcano, based on your observations. Explain your answer.

1. Look for any evidence of volcanic hazards or past eruptions. What evidence do you see? What hazards have occurred at this volcano?

1. Zoom out and examine the region. Describe the likely tectonic setting of the Hawaiian Islands. Support your answer with observations on the major tectonic landforms of the region.

1. What type of volcano is this?

6. Navigate to Mt. Fujiyama, Japan (35.364, 138.731). (10 pts)

1. Sketch and describe the overall shape of Mt. Fujiyama.
2. Describe the likely composition of this volcano, based on your observations. Explain your answer
3. Look for any evidence of volcanic hazards or past eruptions. What evidence do you see? What hazards have occurred at this volcano?
4. Zoom out and examine the region (its easiest to see the setting when in 2 D and oriented North). Describe the likely tectonic setting of the volcanoes in Japanese region. Support your answer with observations on the major tectonic landforms of the region.
5. What type of volcano is this?

6. Navigate to Mt. Alayta, Ethiopia (12.887, 40.573).

1. Sketch and describe the overall shape of Mt. Alayta.

1. Describe the likely composition of this volcano, based on your observations. Explain your answer.

1. Look for any evidence of volcanic hazards or past eruptions. What evidence do you see? What hazards have occurred at this volcano?

1. Zoom out and examine the region. Describe the likely tectonic setting of the volcanoes in the region (crust type and motion). Support your answer with observations on the major tectonic landforms of the region.

1. What type of volcano do you think this is?

9. Organize your data from all previous sections.

Summarize volcano type/composition relationships.

Use your observations and interpretations to complete the following statements and questions.

• Shield volcanoes usually _________slope, and a _____________composition.
• The most common hazard(s) are:
• What tectonic/geologic settings do they form in?

• Composite volcanoes usually have a_________slope, and a ___________composition.
  • The most common hazard(s) are:

• What tectonic/geologic settings do they form in?