Online-Based Databases
The literature review applied a total of six sources obtained from online-based databases that contain peer-reviewed articles from well-known experts. Salam et al., it possesses several disadvantages. In the study, Salam et al., presented five possible challenges that impact most of the institutions in the process of implementing service-learning programs. These challenges include the students, lecturers/ teachers, institutions, pedagogy, and the community. The above-mentioned problem interacts at some point. For instance, students, who are regarded as the most important stakeholder of the service program, must engage with the community to drive the numerous service-learning activities. The lecturers and students interact during classroom learning and might encounter a problem if there are no strong mechanisms to guide them in their interactions since each could have a different understanding of the problem that needs solutions. Thus, it is important to ensure they’re well-prepared service-learning programs that will help each stakeholder to implement the projects. The institution also interacts with the students and lecturers and problems will arise if the administration fails to develop clear guidelines on how to design and implement the service-learning curriculum. Therefore, it is critical for all the five stakeholders mentioned in this research to develop a mechanism that helps them to become more compatible to develop a strong and effective service-learning environment for the learners.
