Theoretical Assumptions
The theoretical assumptions a mediator holds affect how a mediation proceeds. Transformative and problem-solving philosophies of mediation present the most striking differences. Conciliation mediation focuses primarily on building relationships and creat ing understanding between parties. Problem-solving mediation focuses on the process of issue resolution.
Determining “why we mediate” helps mediators make informed choices about the techniques and models they will use. An integrated model of mediation called the balanced mediation model incorporates both a reconciliation and a problem-solving approach. Unlike lock-step models that offer no room for adapting to fit the specific situation, the phases in the balanced mediation model are more flexible. This model is a teaching tool to master the key skills of mediation. The basic mediation model includes pre-mediation, mediation, and post-mediation. During the session, a mediator will proceed through an opening statement, storytelling and issue identification, establishing an agenda, negotia tion and problem solving, agreement testing and writing, and closure.
Culture can impact how the disputants perceive each other or the mediator, and vice versa. Mediators should acquire basic culture theory knowledge, as well as specific infor mation about specific cultural groups in their service area. The next chapter presents some basic skills deemed essential for entry-level mediators.
