" />
Mass incarceration, which began in the 1980s, has contributed to the disproportionate imprisonment of racial and ethnic minorities, as well as notable increases in the rate of imprisonment among women relative to men. Estimates suggest that approximately one in three Black males and one in six Hispanic males will be incarcerated during their lifetime, compared to only one in 17 White males. Similarly, although the odds of imprisonment are still much higher for men relative to women, the gender gap has closed considerably over the past 30 years. The overall growth in prison populations has provided new challenges to correctional administrators, including managing increasingly heterogeneous populations of inmates. Correctional administrators have used supermax facilities to manage some of the problems resulting from the increases in the prison population, such as reducing gang influence, increasing public safety, and punishing violent inmates. Yet, little is known about the race, class, and gender composition of inmates in supermax confinement.
The limited knowledge concerning female inmates and supermax confinement is probably attributable to the fact that women are rarely (if ever) placed in supermax confinement. For instance, Mears and Bales reported that only nine women released from prison between 1996 and 2001 in the state of Florida had served time in supermax confinement. Lovell et al. observed that Washington state’s supermax program was only used for men. Women respond differently to incarceration than men, and female inmates are less likely than men to engage in the type of violent behaviors that result in supermax placement (Lord, 2008). Thus, supermax confinement for female inmates may simply not be needed in most states.
Social class is a difficult concept to study among prison inmates because nearly all inmates are drawn from lower socioeconomic strata. Prison inmates are also drawn disproportionately from disadvantaged neighborhoods. Perhaps for this reason, no studies have examined the link between social class and supermax placement. Closely tied to class, however, is race and ethnicity. Black individuals, for example, are much more likely than White individuals to reside in disadvantaged areas, and this has been the case for a number of generations. Further, compared to residents of disadvantaged White neighborhoods, residents of disadvantaged Black neighborhoods experience greater levels of social isolation and disadvantage. Evidence also suggests that other ethnic minority groups (e.g., Hispanics) might also experience greater disadvantage compared to Whites.
Why Work with Us
Top Quality and Well-Researched Papers
Our writers have been trained on how to handle papers placed by our clients. The writer must read and understand before embarking on writing the papers. In case of any issue that needs clarification, writers are encouraged to ask the client or support.
Professional and Experienced Academic Writers
Our team comprises of the best writers and editors. We do thorough vetting during recruitment to make sure that our writers have the knowledge and experience we aspire in the team.
Free Unlimited Revisions
Our aim is to give the client the best outcome. If for some reason you are not satisfied with the wok done, you can ask the paper to be revised or rewritten. This will be done to your satisfaction with no extra charges.
Prompt Delivery and 100% Money-Back-Guarantee
We have writers who work round the clock. This helps in making sure that all our clients’ papers are delivered on time. If we have issues with the deadline, we will ask for extension. If its not possible, the money is fully refunded.
Original & Confidential
Our clients’ confidentiality is highly respected. We can never disclose our clients’ details to third parties. In the same regard, we strive to give our clients 100% original papers. We do not tolerate plagiarism from our writers.
24/7 Customer Support
Clients can reach us any time of the day, and any day of the week. There is a live chat, email or phone numbers to help in ease of communication.
Try it now!
How it works?
Follow these simple steps to get your paper done
Place your order
Fill in the order form and provide all details of your assignment.
Proceed with the payment
Choose the payment system that suits you most.
Receive the final file
Once your paper is ready, we will email it to you.
Our Services
You should never be worried about your papers even in the middle of the night. Our team will work round the clock to deliver.
Essays
We have an able team that can deliver your work in the shortest time possible. The academic level or the type of work should never be a hindrance. Our highly competent support team is always around (24/7) to give you any assistance you may need.
Admissions
Admission Essays & Business Writing Help
Do you need to be admitted in your dream institution but find it challenging to write an admission essay? Our team is in a position to write the best letter that will guarantee you an admission. We do as well write the best business proposals and reports.
Reviews
Editing Support
Writing can be fun and enjoyable when everything has been done right. Writing is not just enough without proper editing and proofreading. We have a team of editors that ensure everything falls in place, whether its issues to do with grammar or referencing styles.
Reviews
Revision Support
Once the paper has been done and submitted, that is not the end of it. You can always ask for amendment or improvement if you feel something has not been done right. Our team of writers and editors will gladly assist you to your satisfaction. Revision is free of charge.